Most Important Comparisons of Drinking Water Specifications

Parameters	WHO   Guidelines of  Drinking Water Quality 1999	USA   USEPA National Primary Drinking Water Regulations	EU   European Communities Drinking Water Regulations 2000
Colour	15 TCU*	15  Colour Units	Acceptable to consumers and no abnormal change
Odour	No guideline	3 Threshold Odor Number	Acceptable to consumers and no abnormal change
Taste	No guideline	─	─
Turbidity	5 NTU*	NA	Acceptable to consumers and no abnormal change
Chlorine	No guideline	4 mg/L  as Cl2 Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level	Not mentioned
PH	No guideline	6.5 – 8.5	6.5-9.5
TDS	1000 mg/L*	500 mg/L	Not mentioned
Total Hardness as CaCO3	No guideline	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
Calcium as Ca	No guideline	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
Magnesium as Mg	No guideline	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
Alkalinity	No guideline	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
Chloride	250 mg/L *	250 mg/L	250 mg/L
Fluoride	1.5 mg/L	4.0 mg/L	1 mg/L
Nitrate	50 mg/L as  NO3	10 as N2 / 44.44  as NO3	50 mg/L
Nitrite	3(P)	1 as N2	0.50 mg/L
Sulphate	250 mg/L*	250 mg/L	250 mg/L
Iron	0.3 mg/L *	0.3 mg/L	0.2 mg/L
Ammonia	1.5mg/L*	Not mentioned	0.3 mg/L
Aluminum	0.2mg/L*	0.05 – 0.2 mg/L	0.2 mg/L
Arsenic	0.01 mg/L (P)	0.01 mg/L	0.05 mg/L
Antimony	0.005 mg/L (P)	0.006 mg/L	0.01 mg/L
Asbestos	No guideline	7 MFL	Not mentioned
Barium	0.7 mg/L	2 mg/L	Not mentioned
Beryllium	No guideline	0.004 mg/L	Not mentioned
Brass	No guideline	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
Boron	0.3 mg/L	Not mentioned	1 mg/L
Bromate	0.025 mg/L (P)	Zero	0.01 mg/L
BOD	No guideline	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
Cadmium	0.003 mg/L	0.005 mg/L	0.005 mg/L
Chromium	0.05 mg/L (P)	0.1 mg/L	0.05 mg/L
Copper	2 mg/L (P)	1.3 mg/L	Zero
Cyanide	0.07 mg/L	0.2 mg/L	0.05 mg/L
Dissolved Oxygen	No guideline	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
Hydrogen  sulphide	No guideline	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
Lead	0.01 mg/L	0.015 mg/L	0.01 mg/L
Manganese	0.5 mg/L (P)	0.05 mg/L	0.05 mg/L
Mercury	0.001 mg/L	0.002 mg/L	0.001 mg/L
Molybdenum	0.07 mg/L	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
Nickel	0.02 mg/L	Not mentioned	Zero
Selenium	0.01 mg/L	0.05 mg/L	0.01 mg/L
Silver	No guideline	0.1 mg/L	Not mentioned
Sodium	200 mg/L	Not mentioned	200 mg/L
Potassium	Not mentioned	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
Thallium	Not mentioned	0.0005 mg/L	Not mentioned
Zinc	3 mg/L	5 mg/L SS	Not mentioned
Anionic detergents	Not mentioned	─	Not mentioned
Poly nuclear aromatic hydrocarbon	Not mentioned	Zero	0.0001 mg/L
Poly chlorinated bi phenyl	Not mentioned	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
Phenolic compounds	Not mentioned	Zero	Not mentioned
Total Trihalomethanes	─	Zero	0.1 mg/L
Trihalomethanes (bromoform)	0.1 mg/L	Not mentioned -	Not mentioned -
Trihalomethanes (chloroform)	0.2 mg/L	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
Acrylamide	0.0005 mg/L	Zero	0.0001 mg/L
Benzene	0.01 mg/L	Zero	0.001 mg/L
Benzo pyrene	0.0007 mg/L	Zero	0.00001 mg/L
1,2 dichloro ethane	0.03 mg/L	Zero	0.003 mg/L
Epichlorohydrin	0.0004 mg/L (P)	Zero	0.0001 mg/L
Tetra chloro ethane	0.04 mg/L	Zero	0.01 mg/L
Trichloroethane	0.07 mg/L	Zero	0.01 mg/L
Vinyl chloride	0.005mg/L	Zero	0.0005 mg/L
Carbon tetra chloride	0.002 mg/L	Zero	Not mentioned
Dichloroethane	0.05 mg/L	Zero	Not mentioned
Xylene	0.5 mg/L	10	Not mentioned
Toluene	0.7 mg/L	1 mg/L	Not mentioned
Carbofuran	Not mentioned	0.004 mg/L	Not mentioned
Chlordane	Not mentioned -	Zero	Not mentioned
Chlorobenzene	0.3 mg/L	0.1 mg/L	Not mentioned
Ethyl benzene	0.3 mg/L	0.7 mg/L	Not mentioned
Styrene	0.02 mg/L	0.1 mg/L	Not mentioned
Dibromo chloromethane	0.1 mg/L	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
Bromodichloromethane	0.06 mg/L	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
Monochloramine & di & trichloramine chlorine	3	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
Dichloramine & Trichloramine chlorine	5	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
Pesticides	Not mentioned	Not mentioned	mg/L Total Pesticide 0.0005mg/L)
1) Lindane	0.002 mg/L	0.0002 mg/L	Not mentioned
2) Endrin	─	0.002 mg/L	Not mentioned
3) Diquate	─	0.02 mg/L	Not mentioned
4) Glyphosphate	─	0.7 mg/L	Not mentioned
5) Heptachlor	0.00003 mg/L	Zero	Not mentioned
6)Heptachlorepoxide	0.00003 mg/L	Zero	Not mentioned
7) Picloram	─	0.5 mg/L	Not mentioned
8) Simazine	0.002 mg/L	0.004 mg/L	Not mentioned
9) Toxaphene	─	Zero mg/L	Not mentioned
10) 2,4,5 TP (Silvex)	─	0.05 mg/L	Not mentioned
11) Endothall	─	0.1 mg/L	Not mentioned
12) Alachlor	0.02 mg/L	Zero	Not mentioned
13) Atrazine	0.002 mg/L	0.003 mg/L	Not mentioned
14) DDT	0.002 mg/L	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
15) Aldrine/Dieldrin		Not mentioned	Not mentioned
16) Endosulphan		Not mentioned	Not mentioned
17) Chlorpyriphos		Not mentioned	Not mentioned
18) Malatheon		Not mentioned	Not mentioned
19) 2,4 D	0.03 mg/L	0.07 mg/L	Not mentioned
20) Isoproturon	0.009 mg/L	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
21) Alpha HCH		Not mentioned	-
22) Beta HCH	Not mentioned	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
23) Delts HCH	Not mentioned	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
24 Monocrotophos	Not mentioned	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
25) Ethion	Not mentioned	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
26) Phorate	Not mentioned	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
27) Butachlor	Not mentioned	Not mentioned	Not mentioned
Radioactive material Alpha, Beta, Radium 226 Radium 228 & Uranium	0.1 Bq/L  for Alpha and 1 Bq/L for Beta	Zero	Tritium-100 Bq/Lb
Bacteria – Coliforms	Zero	Zero	Zero
Bacteria – E.Coli	Zero	Zero	Zero
Enterococci	No guideline	No guideline	Zero
HPC-colony	Not mentioned	Not mentioned	Zero
Clostridium perfringens (spores)	Not mentioned	Not mentioned	Zero
Virus	No guideline-	Zero	Not mentioned
Protozoa- Cryptosporidium	No guideline	Zero	Not mentioned
Protozoa-Gairdia	No guideline	Zero	Not mentioned

Chlorine disinfection for swimming pool

Chlorine dioxide dosing system for swimming pool water disinfection

 

 

 

 

 

 

www.forwardaqua.com

Decrease Grease Trap Ozone Treatment

Ozone combined with micro bubble diffusion allows for extremely high mass transfer of the gas to wastewater.  This means creating a supersaturate solution of ozone with little to no off gassing in a very stable state. Supersaturated ozone solutions allow reactions with unsaturated hydrocarbons to happen faster, but also push reactions that typically would not happen in less concentrated solutions. BOD, COD, TSS and bacteria are now easily eliminated very efficiently and economically, as a result there is no primary or secondary sludge formation, and also remove or reduce unpleasant smell efficiently. (www.forwardaqua.com)

Shortcut of Plastic Raw Material

PC       Polycarbonate                   聚碳酸酯

PE        Polyethylene                    聚乙烯

PES       Poly(ether sulfone)               聚醚砜

PET      Poly(ethylene terephthalate)       聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯

PP        Polypropylene                   聚丙烯

PP-R      Polypropylene randon coplymer   无规共聚聚丙烯

PPS       Poly(phenylene sulfide)           聚苯硫醚                聚次苯基硫醚

PS        Polystyrene                     聚苯乙烯

PSU       Polysulfone                     聚砜

PU        Polyurethane                    聚氨酯

PVC       Poly(vinyl chloride)              聚氯乙烯

PVDF        Poly(vinylidene fluoride)          聚（偏二氟乙烯）

 

Small RO System for water plant

New project, 10,000 liters per hour RO system with Ozonation

RO system treatment capacity 10,000 liters per hour

Raw water  tank  7000liters x 2pcs

Pure water tank   5000lites x 2pcs

Flow-through UV sterilizer

Ozone mixing  system (mixing pump and Venturi tube)

10kg/h Ozone Generation System Operating Cost Comparing

 

10kg/h Ozone Generation System Operating Cost Comparing
	Bottled Oxygen	Fresh Air	Oxygen Generator
Power Consumption of O3 Generator(per Hr)	85Kw	160Kw	85Kw
Power Consumption of O2/Air (per Hr)	0	50Kw	180Kw
Oxygen consumption (Per Hr)	70m3	0	0
Cost of Oxygen (Per Year)	111.28K  USD	0	0
Cost of Power (Per Year)	90.22K USD	252.63K USD	318.8K USD
Cost of Maintenance (Per Year)	3K USD	4.51K USD	6.02K USD
Cost of Oxygen tank rent (Per Year)	9K USD	0	0
Total Cost (Per Year)	213.5K USD	257.14K USD	324.82K USD

Typical Water Ozonation Process

Global Bottled water market

According to BMC’s , North America and EU are main market of bottled water, consumed 30.3% and 28.9% of global total consumption in 2009. America is the largest bottled water consumption country, consumed 8665,6 gallons in 2008, total market amount more than 11.7 billion us dollars. In the top 10 of bottled water consumption countries, China , Brazil and Italy all consumed more than 3,000 million gallons. The first of average consumption is Mexico, 59.1 gallons in 2008, the next one is Italy, 54.0 gallons. The countries of average consumption more than 30 gallons including UAE, Belgium & Luxemburg, German, France, Spain and Lebanon.

Some facts of desalination

• It is estimated that some 30% of the world’s irrigated areas suffers from salinity problems and remediation is seen to be very costly.

• In 2008 there were more than 13,000 desalination plants around the world in 120 countries. They produce some 63.48 million m³/day of freshwater.

• Global desalination investment total amount up to 24.8 billion us dollars and increased 20% to 30% per year.

• It is estimated that there total 70 billion us dollar market in future 20 years, and china market share will get a quick increasing.

• The most important users of desalinated water are in the Middle East, (mainly Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Bahrain), which uses about 70% of worldwide capacity; and in North Africa (mainly Libya and Algeria), which uses about 6% of worldwide capacity.

• Saudi Arabia plants take about 24% capacity of world desalination. The biggest desalination plant is JEBEL ALI desalination plant in UAE which  produce 300 million m³/day.

Water Ozone mixing

SS ozone/water blender

High Performance Ozone/Water  SS  blender

How it works

The turbulent flow produce negative pressure and absorb the ozone into the blender, special designed internal  structure make the sinuous flow swirling and striking in the tube, our experience proved that the solubility is double than Venturi tube when mixing ozone and water.

www.forwardaqua.com

 

 

 

 

 

The pressure at "1" is higher than at "2" because the fluid speed at "1" is lower than at "2".Venturi effect is the reduction in fluid pressure

The Venturi effect is the reduction in fluid pressure that results when a fluid flows through a constricted section of pipe. The Venturi effect is named after Giovanni Battista Venturi (1746–1822), an Italian physicist.